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Saskatoon Tree Facts and Botany
People have a strong pull toward trees, and there have been studies to prove that simply being around them can bring us calmness, happiness and creativity. Although we as humans have taken nearly 50% of the trees off the earth since the beginning of agriculture, we know that we can't live without them. More needs to be done to protect our vulnerable forests and the wildlife that lives within it, and educating ourselves is the first step.
How many species of trees are there?
Only recently has a global census of trees been done, and it's results are amazing. Through the compilation from museums, botanical gardens and different agricultural centers, it's been found that earth has over 60,000 species. This was a massive effort, but without this knowledge we wouldn't be able to put a plan in place on how to protect all these varieties going forward. Now that they've been cataloged, the next step is assess the state of conservation required.
More then half of all tree species are single country endemic
From the same study as the census, it was found that amazingly, over 50% of all species of trees are single country endemic, meaning each one only occurs naturally within the borders of one single country. I find this fascinating because the borders of countries are man made and shouldn't reflect which plants grow where.
Countries like Brazil, Indonesia and Columbia have the largest number of single endemic varieties because of the high overall biodiversity found in these places. Also, it's noted that places that are island nations, like Indonesia, Madagascar and Papua New Guinea have developed their own unique species of trees from the natural evolutionary processes.
Trees can communicate with each other
As with most plant life, trees have a close relationship with mycorrhizal fungi which live in their roots. These fungi help the trees absorb more water and beneficial nutrients from the soil around it. In return, the trees provide the fungi with sugars through the process of photosynthesis. But as research continues, it has become clear that this mycorrhizal network works on a much larger scale, providing an underground internet connection for an entire forest.
This fungal network connects each neighbouring tree to the other, creating a massive, forest wide platform for communication and provides the ability to share its resources. There is even potentially 'mother trees' in said networks, which are the oldest and most established trees in the forest. It's said that these parental trees can actually send excess carbon to the their understory seedlings, which in turn has increased seedling survival by enormous amounts.